New+Jersey

New Jersey is located at the tip of New Amsterdam near, the Hudson Valley, Western Long Island, and New York City. This colony was famous for its mountains, many rivers, and great lumber and tree supply. Major rivers include the Manasquan, Maurice, Mullica, Passaic, Rahway, Raritan, Musconetcong, and Delaware rivers. Major mountains are Kittatinny Mountain, Ramapo Mountains, Watchung Mountains, Cushetunk Mountain, Rocky Hill Ridge, and High Point. New Jersey also has many harbors such as, Egg Harbor City, Cross Harbor Freight, Stone Harbor, and Lanoka Harbor. New Jersey is a very agricultural colony, many people farm here and some don't. Geography helped New Jersey expand and become a big colony like it is today.
 * __Geography__**

New Jersey became colonized in 1609. The New jersey colony was founded by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret New Jersey was included in the grant of Charles II to his brother James, the Duke of York, in 1664. The Dutch were the first people to take over New Jersey naming it New Netherland. Native Americans who live near New Jersey often lived near Oceans. Now most Native Americans live in Canada.
 * __History__**

The people living in New Jersey were on the most friendly terms with the red men, with whom they kept up a profitable trade in furs and game. The Commerce had a feeble infacy, and was stunted in its growth by oppresive navigation acts. The west bank of the Hudson River was, like New York and Pennsylvania, originally part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, and it faced the same chronic shortage of free labor as the rest of the region. They offered 60 acres of land, per slave, to any man who imported slaves in 1664.
 * __Economics__**

The languages spoken here were English, German, and Dutch. There was Freedom of religion here, the religions were: Presbyterian, Quaker, Church Of England, Dutch Reformed, Baptist, Dutch Lutheran, Seventh Day Baptist, and German Reformed. In New Jersey, the role of women was to take care of their children(if they had any), clean, trade, work in the fields, weave, make clothes for the whole family and cook.
 * __Social__**

__**Political**__ charter granted by william penn in 1702 royal New Jersey traded hands several times. Originally, the colony was part of the land grant given to James II by his brother Charles II. James, in turn, gave the land to 2 of his friends (Sir George Cateret & Lord John Berkley) so the land was divided into East and West Jersey. Meanwhile the governor of the colony was also giving land away (to the Puritans who'd settled on Long Island). Berkley & Cateret sold their land to the Quakers who then sold the land to speculators. The colony was finally reunited by in 1702 and became a royal colony. New Jersey indeed was a part of the **triangular trade** trading raw materials and goods with Britain and Africa for slaves. During the colonial era, south New Jersey was perhaps the most important glass-making region in America. On its path to become the first profitable glass company in the English colonies, Wistarburgh had to avoid British scrutiny while the windows of **salutary neglect** were closing. New Jersey used **mercantilism** to ensure the prosperit for ones economy. **The Great Awakening** was an outpouring of religious enthusiasm that occurred in the American colonies in the mid-18th century. Smaller local revivals had occurred in New Jersey in the 1720s with Theodorus Freylinghuysen of the Dutch Reformed Church and the father-and-son team of William and Gilbert Tennent. New Jersey had a warm climate and good soil so it wass very easy to grow **cash crops**. The **cash crops** made it a very wealthy colony.
 * __Terms__**

At the outbreak of the French and Indian War in 1754, about 3,000 European settlers lived in the Upper Delaware River Valley. The Delaware Indians proclaimed their independence from the Iroquois, who were allied with the British, and in 1755 attacked the Moravian settlement at Gnaden-hütten (Lehighton) and the Brodhead residence at Dansbury (Stroudsburg). Pennsylvania and New Jersey colonial governments then developed fortifications to protect European settlers in the valley. Hampton's Map Sketch from Captain Jonathan Hampton's undated map of frontier forts, depicting "Fort Johns about 120 foot Square". The exterior line denotes a log palisade, but it is uncertain if the fort was In late 1755, Pennsylvania developed a plan to erect 12 stockaded forts, 15 miles apart, that could house 50 men each. These fortifications were to run from the Upper Delaware Valley southwestward across the colony to act as guard posts to protect and prevent raids on the more populated areas in the southeast. In Pennsylvania, four forts were prescribed for what was then Northampton County, but only two were actually constructed: Fort Hamilton, erected at present-day Stroudsburg, and Fort Hynshaw, on James Hynshaw's property, near present-day Bushkill. By 1757, Fort Hynshaw was abandoned and by 1758, Fort Hamilton was forsaken also. ever built on this scale. The opening just to the right of the 50 x 24 foot "Blockhouse" Also in late 1755, the New Jersey colonial government authorized four blockhouses and 250 men along the Delaware River in Sussex County. By 1757, there were a total of six blockhouses reported for Sussex County: the blockhouse near the Abraham Van Campen house, Fort Walpack; Fort Johns (Headquarters Fort), Fort Nominack, Fort Shipeconk, and Fort Cole (present-day Port Jervis.) In 1997, the National Park Service entered into a five-year research project for historical archeology in  cooperation with the New York University Department of Anthropology to investigate French and Indian War period fortifications along the Delaware River within the recreation area. Fort Johns, headquarters for the New Jersey colonial defenses, was investigated first. Most of the information concerning these forts is historic narrative; however, a 1758 schematic map of Fort Johns by Jonathan Hampton has survived, making this fort the most reasonable place to start. Also, in 1975, Professor Herbert Kraft of Seton Hall University had undertaken a preliminary archeological investigation at Fort Johns, documented several possible stockade post molds, and excavated the ruins of a stone structure purported to be the blockhouse.
 * __Road to Revolution__**
 * French and Indian War**

**Revolution** During the American Revolutionary War, New Jersey was strategically located between the Continental Congress in Philadelphia and the British command center in New York City. From 1775 until 1783, New Jersey was the location of major battles and minor skirmishes that historic homes, battlefield sites and historical monuments bear testament to today. For these reasons New Jersey has become known as the "Crossroads of the American Revolution". Although most battles were fought in southern New Jersey such as at Fort Monmouth, Fort Mercer and Trenton, Northern New Jersey offers many historical sites from this era. Prominent figures in American history who made their way through New Jersey during the war years included Alexander Hamilton, Benedict Arnold, George Washington and Thomas Paine among others. Although patriotic sympathy was evident in 1765 with the burning in effigy of the stamp tax distributor forcing his resignation, by 1777 New Jersey itself fell into civil war splitting into groups of rebels and Loyalists. From the Ramapo Mountains to Cape May, both sides suffered as the lives and properties of thousands was destroyed. The Speaker of the New Jersey Assembly, Cortlandt Skinner, who cast the deciding vote to petition King George for redress of grievances, served the loyalist forces as a Brigadier General. Richard Stockton became the only signer of the Declaration of Independence who also signed a British loyalty oath. Many loyalists fled New Jersey for British controlled New York. There they joined loyalist forces such as Skinner's New Jersey Volunteers. The battalions of New Jerseyans in the British Loyalist forces equalled volunteers in the rebels' Continental Army. 