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=//**Georgia**//= = The English Colonies 1605-1760 =

=Geography=

Georgia is the part of the southern region of the United States and is located along the border of the Atlantic Ocean. Today Georgia is North of Florida and South of the Carolinas. Georgia contains Sea Island that were a benefit in building forts. The Brasstown Bald Mountains are the one of the greatest features in Georgia. Georgia contains four natural divisions: the Province, Blue Ridge Province, Piedmont Province and Atlantic Plain. These four natural provinces are present to wetlands such as swaps and marshes, mountains, and forests. Georgia is mostly rural and open to large farming plantations. A great amount of crops such as rice, tobacco, and indigo were grown which was a benefit to this colonies development. Many different cultures developed around water sources that provided food sources and transportation.

=History=

Georgia was first visited by the Europeans known as the Spanish members of the Hernando de Soto expedition, which the fought with the Creek and Cherokee around 1540 in this area.Spanish claimed Georgia and forts on the Sea Islands, a then had the Native Americans convert to Christanity. Georgia was later colonized by James Oglethorpe in which the colony was named in 1732. Then the first settlers joined with Oglethorpe established the city of Savannah. Later the colony was able to comprise English, Sottish, Welsh, German, Italian, and Swiss settlers. The Creek and Cherokee had to be removed from their land through cash and a promise the federal government in exchange for the ceding of the western lands. As a result, the Creek followed through with this, but the Cherokee had declared itself an independent nation. With the discovery of gold in 1828 made it even easier for the Cherokee to be removed. With the aid of Andrew Jackson Georgians removed Native Americans' property with the Indian removal policy in 1830. With this policy the Cherokee had been relocated to an Indian territory. =Economics=

During the 1790's Georgia started to take its form in the economy, one major product that did so was cotton. Large plantations growing cotton and other cash crops with the help of slaves took an increase in the economy. Slavery was first outlawed in 1735 and by 1751 slavery became legalized. Slave labor was proposed when leaders made farms have slaves or else the colony would not succeed. Many slave owners put taxes on their slaves and other harsh requirements. Slaves had no rights at all and lived horrible lifestyles. When the Indian's land was taken around the 1830's this opened up small family farms increasing production. Through this the textile industry caused an uprising in this state due to the production of cotton. Even so Georgia had been making money through other crops such as rice,tobacco,and indigo with the help of many slaves. Yet, Georgia went under a new system putting farmers and wealthy landowners in debt. By the 1910's an agricultural pest destroyed cotton crop, leaving Georgia in agricultural depression. Then in 1929 the Great Depression broke out causing Georgia's economy to suffer even more. However, with help new products were important in the economy like peanuts, peaches, poultry,etc. =Social=

The most dominate language spoken in Georgia is Georgian. The other languages spoken in the southern branch were Mingrelian, Svan, and Laz. Georgian Jews about 10,000- 15,000 spoke Gruzinic. Ossetic was spoken in the north-central area of Georgia and Abkhaz was spoken in northwestern Georgia. Russian was used in Georgia but is now turning to English. Likewise, many people in Georgia converted to Christianity. At first Georgians followed an animistic belief but that was later abandoned because they followed a new religion. This new religion stated that the crucifixion of Jesus happened, in which he established an Eastern Orthodox. By the middle sixth century Georgian's adopted Saint George as the country's patron saint. The role of the of the women was a traditional role with the family, but some worked on the fields and traded.

=Political=

The colony had received a royal charter from King George II, in which Georgia had been named in 1732. Georgia was controlled by Britain by the end of 1779. Georgia came under the military rule and placed under a body of blacks, businessmen, and white farmers to form a government. But that did not last by 1870 the white farmers were against the blacks and the Democrats took control of the government for more than a century. By the 1950's a republican party had been starting to grown in Georgia and still has a republican government today.

=Terms=

1. Triangle trade-trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. 2. Salutary Neglect-Great Britain's policy in the early 1700s of not interfering in the American colonies' politics and economy as long as such neglect served British economic interests. 3. Mercantilism-an economic theory that a country should acquire as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible, by exporting more goods than it imports. 4. Great Awakening-Religious revival in the american colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. 5. Cash Crops-Crop that is grown for sale.

=French and Indian War= This war was also known as the seven year war. In Europe, Sweden ,Austria, and France were allied to crush the rising power of Frederick the Great. The English came to dominate the colonial outposts but the the cost was too high that debt nearly destroyed the English government. Debt had caused tensions leading to the revolutionary war. Parliament wanted to do two things which was first to tax the colonies to recover monies expended on the battle over North America and second to restore the profitability of the East Indian company. =Revolution= The American revolution was fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies on the North American continent. Revolutionaries seized each thirteen colonial governments and set up the Second Continental Congress and also formed a Continental Army. America could not survive without the French assistance. France had entered the war against Britain after the victory at Saratoga. Spain and the Netherlands joined as allies of France over the next few years. The larger the colonies were meant that the British lacked the manpower to control them by force. Loyalist support was important because the goal was to keep the colonies in the British Empire. In 1776, representatives from each of the 13 states voted in the Second Continental Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence. the Declaration had established the United States.

=References=

"Georgia." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.

Cashin, Edward J. "Georgia: American Revolution." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.

"Slavery: rice plantation." Image. North Wind Picture Archives. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.

"Regional Development of the Colonies (Visual)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.

Paulett, Robert. "Congress of Augusta: North American Colonial Wars." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.